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Arie Luyendyk, also known as the Flying Dutchman, set the fastest-ever one- and four-lap qualifying times at the Indy 500 in 1996, with a single-lap top speed of 237.498 mph and an average of 236.986 mph for four laps.
Despite not winning the pole or the race that year, Luyendyk’s records have stood the test of time, with this year’s winner Felix Rosenqvist qualifying at 231.375 mph, well off Luyendyk’s pace.

The reason for the lack of progress is largely due to changes in engine rules, which shifted from high-powered turbocharged V8s to naturally aspirated 4.0-liter blocks, and now features twin-turbocharged V6 mills with hybrid assistance from Chevrolet and Honda.

Luyendyk’s record was set in a year of turmoil for the sport, with the formation of the Indy Racing League (IRL) and a change in engine rules, which essentially eliminated the more powerful CART-style motors.

The complicated qualifying process in 1996 saw Luyendyk’s primary car damaged, and his backup car disqualified due to being under the minimum weight requirement, resulting in him starting 20th and finishing 16th.
However, Luyendyk got his revenge the following year, earning a second pole position and his second win.


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Source: Jalopnik (Auto Culture & Tuning) (jalopnik.com)